2 results
Pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot – who and how?
- Catarina M. Costa, Cristina Cruz, Teresa Pinho, Sofia Torres, João C. Silva, José A. Madureira, Elson Salgueiro, Jorge Casanova, Paulo Pinho, Filipe Macedo
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 34 / Issue 4 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 November 2023, pp. 865-869
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- Article
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Background and Aim:
Pulmonary regurgitation is the most common complication in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients. Severe chronic pulmonary regurgitation can be tolerated for decades, but if not treated, it can progress to symptomatic, irreversible right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. We investigated clinical associations with pulmonary valve replacement among patients with significative pulmonary regurgitation and how interventional developments can change their management.
Methods:All adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who were followed at an adult CHD Clinic at a single centre from 1980 to 2022 were included on their first outpatient visit. Follow-up was estimated from the time of correction surgery until one of the following events occurred first: pulmonary valve replacement, death, loss to follow-up or conclusion of the study.
Results:We included 221 patients (116 males) with a median age of 19 (18–25). At a median age of 33 (10) years old, 114 (51%) patients presented significant pulmonary regurgitation. Among patients with significant pulmonary regurgitation, pulmonary valve replacement was associated with male gender, older age at surgical repair, and longer QRS duration in adulthood. Pulmonary valve replacement was performed in 50 patients, including four transcatheter pulmonary valve implantations, at a median age of 34 (14) years.
Conclusion:Pulmonary regurgitation affects a large percentage of tetralogy of Fallot adult patients, requiring a long-term clinical and imaging follow-up. Sex, age at surgical repair and longer QRS are associated with the need of PVR among patients with significative pulmonary regurgitation. Clinical practice and current literature support TPVI as the future gold standard intervention.
3 - Hemiparesis and other types of motor weakness
- from PART I - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
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- By Teresa Pinho E Melo, Department of Neurology,University of Lisbon, Portugal, Julien Bogousslavsky, Department of Neurology,University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Edited by Julien Bogousslavsky, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Louis R. Caplan, Harvard Medical School
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- Book:
- Stroke Syndromes
- Published online:
- 17 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2001, pp 22-33
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- Chapter
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Summary
Introduction
Motor weakness, isolated or in association with other symptoms or signs, is the commonest problem of stroke patients. In epidemiological stroke studies, motor deficit (paresis/paralysis) is found in 80–90% of all patients (Herman et al., 1982; Bogousslavsky et al., 1988; Libman et al., 1992). There have been attempts to explain this fact using a variety of distinct arguments: (i) motor weakness is easily recorded by the patient, family, or physician; (ii) it can be caused by a stroke anywhere along the corticospinal pathways, from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord; (iii) the most frequent types of stroke (lacunar, cardioembolic) have a ‘predilection’ for anatomic motor centres or tracts.
Motor-weakness profiles and associated abnormalities can be helpful in predicting stroke subtypes (localization, cause) in the acute phase, which is essential for etiologic diagnostic strategies, for treatment, and for prognosis in individual patients. Motor weakness is also a major element in the rating scales for clinical stroke, because it is important for daily living activities, it is not difficult to evaluate, and its assessment has shown a good interobserver reliability.
Anatomic considerations
The motor cortex is not confined to the large motor cells of Betz in the fifth layer of the precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex), as formulated at the turn of the century. Experimental studies in monkeys have indicated that only 60% of the corticospinal fibres arise from the primary motor cortex and the premotor and supplementary motor areas. The remaining fibres arise mainly from the postcentral gyrus and parietal cortex.